QuasI-EXPErImENTaL EVaLuaTION OF mEDICaL INTErVENTIONs: INsTrumENTaL VarIaBLEs mETHOD
Keywords:
Instrumental variables, Confounding by indication, Comparative effectiveness research, Observational study, Physician prescribing preferencesAbstract
The aim of this paper is to present, without excessive statistical formalisation, the method of instrumental variables (IV) for making causal inference in safety studies of medical interventions. The IV method is used in observational studies. We illustrate our paper with an example from the literature on the comparative safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) using physician prescribing preferences for NSAID as an instrumental variable. The IV method allows controlling for confounding by indication. However, testing the validity of IV is challenging.
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