Introduction Economic approaches of migrations from and in the MENA region: Egypt and Tunisia

Abstract

Debates on migration are stirring public opinions in European and Mediterranean countries. Migration policies diverge across the region. One
the one hand, the various crises regarding economic, political and security issues that many countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
region have experienced, together with the large diasporas established abroad, are fuelling migration projects. United Nations estimates show that destination countries vary: Almost half of migrants from North Africa chose Europe as their destination, compared with 22% of migrants from the Mashreq and 17% from those from the Gulf countries (UNDESA 2020; Zapata-Barrero et al 2024).