MAGHREB MASHREK INTERNATIONAL

Social Protection in Tunisia: Genesis and Extension to Informal Workers

2023-01-30T13:54:53+00:00

Since Tunisia’s independence, social protection has been a priority because it is the key to eradicating poverty and improving health and education
indicators.The article is supported by statistics that give a clear picture of Tunisia’s position in relation to other countries of the MENA region in
different areas of social coverage.

Assessing EU–Mediterranean policies in the manufacturing industry from a bottom-up perspective: The case of Egypt

2023-01-30T14:00:08+00:00

This work provides an in-depth overview of Egypt’s manufacturing industry. For a long time, Egypt has sought a selective and state-directed
industrial policy, which, coupled with a host of socio-economic problems, has prevented it from recovering from its protracted economic crisis and
liberalizing its economy. The purpose of this article is, on the one hand, to scrutinize the Egyptian manufacturing sector from different perspectives.
On the other hand, the paper seeks to analyze how Egypt’s attempts to restructure its economy correlate with European policies.

The Youth Gender Gap in North Africa: Income Differentials and Informal Employment

2023-01-30T14:10:55+00:00

We examine the participation of youth to informal employment, as well as their contribution to income differentials according to gender within the
informal economy. We apply the Oaxaca -Ransom decomposition method to a sample of 7816 young people aged 15-29 in 2015 from North Africa.
Quantile regressions analyse income distribution by gender, according to the formal/informal employment distinction, on a subsample of 1,941
employees and self-employed workers. According to a decomposition model assessing the income gap by gender and employment status, women are
discriminated.

Fragmentation of Territories, Resources Trafficking and Predation at the Root of the Emergence of Terrorism in Libya: How did Fezzan Become a Sanctuary for Daesh?

2023-01-30T13:46:36+00:00

The post-insurgency situation in Libya is characterized by territorial division, the resurgence of tribal identities and a high level of conflict. This
fragmentation is reflected in the absence of any control over entire sections of the country, which are transformed into empty interstices or “hollows of
the State” invested by Daesh. The organization was able to take advantage of the inextricable divisions that tear the militias and the territories apart to
undertake the construction of its territorialized project in Sirte and Derna before experiencing a military defeat. Its migration (hijra) towards Fezzan,
in order to constitute a sanctuary there, certainly knew some premises of resilience of the organization, but quickly found itself in the face of resistance
on the part of the powerful local tribal factions.

Reconstruction and informal settlements in Damascus: intersecting logics of urban policies in a context of conflict

2023-01-30T13:57:56+00:00

The article analyzes the Syrian reconstruction through the prism of informal urbanization. It shows that in the context of an unfinished conflict, the choices of Damascus in favor of urban renewal join the fundamental logics of eviction characteristic of policies vis-à-vis informal settlements.
Through a double legislative apparatus of town planning and security, this policy of selective urban disappearances destroys rather than rebuilds the places of life and memory of two categories of the population, which overlap considerably: the opponents of the regime and the inhabitants of informal settlements.

Fostering the Social and Solidarity Economy in MENA countries: Issues and Constraints

2023-01-30T14:05:58+00:00

Focusing on six MENA countries, the social and solidarity economy (SSE) includes both for profit and non-profit entities, cooperatives, associations
and mutual. Their legal frameworks and economic impact, especially in terms of employment and GDP contribution are surveyed. Both endogenous
and exogenous funding, such as personal savings and grants, are the major sources of SSEs, which face structural deficiencies in the banking system and lack tailored financial products that the microfinance industry should overcome. The SSE including microfinance institutions plays also a role in formalising both informal businesses and employees, as well as triggering job creation, especially for youth and women.

Morocco’s African Economic Diplomacy: A New Tool of Influence

2023-01-30T14:13:46+00:00

The reign of Mohamed VI brought a new impetus to cooperation with African countries through a well-planned economic diplomacy. The geopolitics
of Africa and regional mapping have allowed Morocco to redefine its regional and continental role. Today, on the African market, Moroccan
companies have a strong presence in various sectors: in the construction, telecom, airline, fertilizer and service industries. This article examines
how Morocco manages to apply economic diplomacy to African countries.