QUESTIONS MOTIVATIONNELLES ET INDICATEURS DE MESURE

Abstract

Structured professional judgement tools were specifically
created to measure risk related to violent extremism. But
there is no instrument that measures disengagement and
deradicalization program. The result of an action research
realized in parallel of the follow-up of 450 French jihadists
enabled the creation of a trial of a specialized protocol,
named NOORAPPLI 3D(2). It is intended for professionals
who take charge of jihadists. Its main aim is to measure
how disengagement/deradicalization programs manage
to change attitudes associated to violent extremism. It fills
practitioners’ need of deepening in order to measure the
exit of radicalization and to fight recidivism. This practical
guide helps professionals to consider the meaning of the
radicalized individual’s engagement (engagement motives
with promises of a better world and/or self), to detect his
needs which were compensated by the radical discourse
(psychological, socio-political…), to evaluate his level of
“paranoid perspective” (rigid and persecuting emotional
dimension), his level of “socialization in terrorism” (relational dimension) and his level of adhesion to the utopia of a
perfect world with divine law (ideological dimension) as well
as the evolution of the cognitive change provoked by these
three dimensions (dichotomic thought causing an inversion
of the perpetrator/victim status and the dehumanisation
of victims). This article aims at submitting to critics this
trial of exit of jihadist radicalization protocol. It presents
a method which led to the creation of items allowing a follow-up individual to be replaced in his own trajectory
of radicalization. NOORAPPLI 3D relies on results of a
scientific research on contemporary jihadism but incorporates them transversely, to help professionals to measure
concretely follow-up individuals, on the basis of objective
facts and not according to subjective representations nor
principled positions. NOORAPPLI 3D items are organized
into three chapters corresponding to the three dimensions
of the radicalization process (emotional, relational, ideological). For each of these items, four levels of answers are
proposed. The professional will check the closest answer to
the concerned subject’s situation. The items are formulated
so that the professional will gather precise information on
each matter: either after a discussion or by the observation
of the radicalized individual’s behaviour, with a risk of
dissimulation. The following items must be adapted and
experimented. It will also be necessary to adapt them to
help professionals of other countries because they are built
upon the exit of radicalization of French jihadists who
were largely recruited by French extremist leaders in the
French language and tested by teams of French professionals
within and outside prisons.